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The science behind SSTracker, on paper

For a club board, a coaches' meeting or a reporter: the research behind each design choice on three pages, with every source. Print it, or save it as a PDF from your browser's print menu.

For clubs, coaches, parents and press · page 1 of 3

The science behind SSTracker

Designed around the research. Every choice below comes from published research on what keeps young athletes playing, growing and enjoying their sport. We have not yet measured whether SSTracker itself improves those outcomes, and we do not claim it. Surveys show links, not causes, and findings that have not replicated are marked Mixed.

01 · Evidence: Moderate

Every child is compared only with their own past

Research. Motivation lasts when children feel capable; mastery-focused settings go with more enjoyment and less anxiety. 28.6% of former players named “I’m not good enough” as a part they liked least (Aspen 2026).

In SSTracker. My progress, the growth chart and personal bests show a child only against their own past. Levels name a journey, never a rank.

02 · Evidence: Moderate

No leaderboards, and no child set against another

Research. 18% of former players felt compared by parents, against 13% of current players; among former players, 25% of girls and 9% of boys (Aspen 2026). Comparison climates go with more anxiety.

In SSTracker. Team goals are one shared bar with no names. Test results are never sorted or compared. Standings rank teams, never children.

03 · Evidence: Mixed

Feedback names effort and strategy, not talent

Research. Praise for effort, not intelligence, helped children cope with setbacks in lab studies. Mixed: later replications and growth-mindset meta-analyses found small or no effects.

In SSTracker. Coach’s pick and Seen it name a child’s effort; parent goals count effort, never scores. We do not claim it changes mindset.

04 · Evidence: Early

A coach’s notes about mistakes are never shown to the child

Research. Players of coaches trained to encourage and teach after mistakes dropped out less the next season, 5% against 26% (one small, non-random study).

In SSTracker. A coach’s notes about a child’s mistakes are never shown to the child; coaches get focus skills with drills to try.

SSTracker · Scintillation Skills TrackerThe spark that ignites a love of youth athletic training. Practice makes progresssstracker.app/science

The science behind SSTracker · page 2 of 3

05 · Evidence: Moderate

Children choose inside a plan the coach sets

Research. Autonomy is a core need for lasting motivation; in 7,769 young players, coach support for choices went with more enjoyment and fewer plans to quit.

In SSTracker. The coach sets the plan and focus; from age 7 a player picks today’s drill inside it, and chooses what to share with the coach.

06 · Evidence: Moderate

Parents are part of the process, not watching from the sidelines

Research. 62.1% of current players have parents who help them practise outside team practice, against 40.2% of former players (a link, not a cause).

In SSTracker. Train together gives a parent each homework drill with the coach’s cue and a part to play: feeder, target, timer, gentle defender.

07 · Evidence: Early

The Car Ride Home: a child’s numbers wait until after the drive

Research. College athletes named the ride home after games as the talk they liked least, and “I love to watch you play” as the best words (interviews, not a trial).

In SSTracker. A child’s match numbers stay hidden for 15 minutes after a session, enforced on the server; parents get talk cards for the ride.

08 · Evidence: Mixed

Rewards follow confirmed effort, and there is never cash or chance

Research. Expected, tangible rewards lowered children’s own motivation in a 128-experiment review; informative feedback did not. The size of the effect is still debated.

In SSTracker. Points and stickers come only after a session is saved. Nothing random, bought or traded, and never cash or cash-like prizes.

09 · Evidence: Moderate

Reminders invite; they do not pressure

Research. Controlling pressure crowds out motivation from the inside. 21% of former players felt pressured to play, against 9% of current players.

In SSTracker. Streaks count weeks and rest days never break them. The weekly email is off until a parent turns it on; each card can be turned off.

10 · Evidence: Strong

Privacy is part of keeping children safe

Research. Federal law requires verified parental consent and limits one-on-one adult contact with minor athletes; screening adults is one layer among several.

In SSTracker. Locked until a parent consents. No ads or trackers, never sold. Coaches cleared before reaching a player; no private messages to a child.

SSTracker · Scintillation Skills TrackerThe spark that ignites a love of youth athletic training. Practice makes progresssstracker.app/science

The science behind SSTracker · page 3 of 3

Sources

  1. Ryan and Deci 2000, American Psychologistdoi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  2. Ames 1992, Journal of Educational Psychologydoi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261
  3. Duda and Nicholls 1992, Journal of Educational Psychologydoi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.290
  4. Harwood et al. 2015, Psychology of Sport and Exercisedoi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.005
  5. Smith, Smoll and Cumming 2007, J Sport Exerc Psycholdoi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.1.39
  6. Aspen Institute, 2025 Youth Athlete Survey (2026)aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Final-Report-v3-04.10.26.pdf
  7. Aspen Project Play, 15 key findings (2026)projectplay.org/news/aspen-institute-national-survey-of-youth-and-sports-15-key-findings
  8. Mueller and Dweck 1998, J Pers Soc Psycholdoi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33
  9. Gunderson et al. 2013, Child Developmentpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3655123/
  10. Li and Bates 2019, J Exp Psychol: Generaldoi.org/10.1037/xge0000669
  11. Yeager et al. 2019, Naturepmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6786290/
  12. Macnamara and Burgoyne 2023, Psychological Bulletindoi.org/10.1037/bul0000352
  13. Barnett, Smoll and Smith 1992, The Sport Psychologistdoi.org/10.1123/tsp.6.2.111
  14. Quested et al. 2013, Int J Sport Psycholir.lib.uth.gr/xmlui/handle/11615/32546
  15. Aspen Institute, 2024 Parenting Survey (2025)aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/National-Youth-Sports-Parent-Survey-FINAL.pdf
  16. Côté 1999, The Sport Psychologistdoi.org/10.1123/tsp.13.4.395
  17. Coyle 2013, on Miller and Brown’s interviewsdanielcoyle.com/2013/09/19/best-parenting-tip-ever/
  18. Positive Coaching Alliance, tips for sports parentsdiscover.sportsengineplay.com/coaches/ten-tips-sports-parents/
  19. Lepper, Greene and Nisbett 1973, J Pers Soc Psycholdoi.org/10.1037/h0035519
  20. Deci, Koestner and Ryan 1999, Psychological Bulletindoi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627
  21. Harkin et al. 2016, Psychological Bulletineprints.whiterose.ac.uk/91437/
  22. Cameron, Banko and Pierce 2001, The Behavior Analystpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2731358/
  23. FTC, children’s privacy rule changes (2025)ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/ftc-finalizes-changes-childrens-privacy-rule-limiting-companies-ability-monetize-kids-data
  24. 36 U.S.C. § 220542 (SafeSport policies)law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/36/220542
  25. Saul and Audage 2007, CDCstacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7538
  26. NIST, least privilege (glossary)csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/least_privilege
SSTracker · Scintillation Skills TrackerThe spark that ignites a love of youth athletic training. Practice makes progresssstracker.app/science

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